ORTELIUS, A. - Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae Descriptio.

The map covers Russia, the region from the Gulf of Finland, Lithuania and the Black Sea to the Sur River, Tashkent, the Kossack Regions, Colmack, etc.

The vignettes are based upon Marco Polo's travels and include over a dozen indigenous and mythical scenes, costumed locals and animals. The many vignettes are based on the reports of Marco Polo's explorations.
One of the most famous travelers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo (1254 C.E. –1324 C.E.). Born into a family of wealthy merchants in Venice, Italy, Marco traveled with his father to China (then Cathay) when he was just 17 years of age. They traveled for over three years before arriving at Kublai Khan’s palace at Xanadu in 1275 C.E. Marco stayed on at Khan’s court and was sent on missions to parts of Asia never before visited by Europeans. Upon his return, Marco Polo wrote about his adventures, making him—and the routes he traveled—famous.

From Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas.